Daftar algoritma

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Algoritma kombinatorial

Algoritma kombinatorial umum

• Algoritma pencari-siklus Floyd: iterasi untuk mencari siklus dalam barisan/sekuens
• (uniformly distributed) Pseudorandom number generators:
  • Blum Blum Shub
  • Mersenne twister
• Robinson-Schensted algorithm: generates permutations from pairs of Young tableaux

Algoritma graph

• Algoritma Bellman-Ford: menghitung jarak terpendek pada graf berbobot, di mana sisi bisa memiliki bobot negatif
• Algoritma Dijkstra: menghitung jarak terpendek pada graf berbobot, tanpa sisi berbobot negatif.
• Algoritma Floyd-Warshall: menghitung solusi jarak terpendek untuk semua pasang titik pada sebuah graf berarah dan berbobot
• Algoritma Kruskal: mencari pohon rentang minimum pada sebuah graf
• Algoritma Prim: mencari pohon rentang minimum pada sebuah graf
• Algoritma Boruvka: mencari pohon rentang minimum pada sebuah graf
• Algoritma Ford-Fulkerson: computes the maximum flow in a graph
• Algoritma Edmonds-Karp: implementation of Ford-Fulkerson
• Nonblocking Minimal Spanning Switch say, for a telephone exchange
• Spring based algorithm: algorithm for graph drawing
• Topological sort
• Algoritma Hungaria: algorithm for finding a perfect matching

Algoritma pencarian

• Pencarian linear: mencari sebuah item pada sebuah list tak berurut
• Algoritma seleksi: mencari item ke-k pada sebuah list
• Pencarian biner: menemukan sebuah item pada sebuah list terurut
• Pohon Pencarian Biner
• Pencarian Breadth-first: menelusuri sebuah graf tingkatan demi tingkatan
• Pencarian Depth-first: menelusuri sebuah graf cabang demi cabang
• Pencarian Best-first: menelusuri sebuah graf dengan urutan sesuai kepentingan dengan menggunakan antrian prioritas
• Pencarian pohon A*: kasus khusus dari pencarian best-first
• Pencarian Prediktif: pencarian mirip biner dengan faktor pada magnitudo dari syarat pencarian terhadap nilai atas dan bawah dalam pencarian. Kadang-kadang disebut pencarian kamus atau pencarian interpolasi.
• Tabel Hash: mencari sebuah item dalam sebuah kumpulan tak berurut dalam waktu O(1).

Algoritma string

Pencarian

• Algoritma brute force
• Algoritma Aho-Corasick
• Algoritma Bitap
• Algoritma Boyer-Moore
• Algoritma Knuth-Morris-Pratt
• Algoritma Karp-Rabin

Approximate matching

• Levenshtein edit distance

Algoritma penyusunan

• Binary tree sort
• Bogosort
• Bubble sort: for each pair of indices, swap the items if out of order
• Bucket sort
• Comb sort
• Cocktail sort
• Counting sort
• Gnome sort
• Heapsort: convert the list into a heap, keep removing the largest element from the heap and adding it to the end of the list
• Insertion sort: determine where the current item belongs in the list of sorted ones, and insert it there
• Merge sort: sort the first and second half of the list separately, then merge the sorted lists
• Pancake sorting
• Pigeonhole sort
• Quicksort: divide list into two, with all items on the first list coming before all items on the second list.; then sort the two lists. Often the method of choice
• Radix sort: sorts strings letter by letter
• Selection sort: pick the smallest of the remaining elements, add it to the end of the sorted list
• Shell sort: an attempt to improve insertion sort
• Smoothsort
• Stupid sort
• Topological sort

Compression algorithms

Lossless compression algorithms

• Burrows-Wheeler transform: preprocessing useful for improving lossless compression
• DEFLATE: lossless data compression
• Delta encoding: aid to compression of data in which sequential data occurs frequently
• Incremental encoding: delta encoding applied to sequences of strings
• LZW: lossless data compression (Lempel-Ziv-Welch)
• LZ77 (algorithm): LZ77 and LZ78 are the names for the two lossless data compression algorithms
• LZMA: short for Lempel-Ziv-Markov chain-Algorithm
• LZO: data compression algorithm that is focused on speed
• PPM compression algorithm
• Shannon-Fano coding
• Truncated binary encoding
• Run-length encoding: lossless data compression taking advantage of strings of repeated characters
• SEQUITUR algorithm: lossless compression by incremental grammar inference on a string
• EZW (Embedded Zerotree Wavelet)
• Entropy encoding: coding scheme that assigns codes to symbols so as to match code lengths with the probabilities of the symbols
  • Huffman coding: simple lossless compression taking advantage of relative character frequencies
    • Adaptive Huffman coding: adaptive coding technique based on Huffman coding
  • Arithmetic coding: advanced entropy coding
  • Range encoding: data compression method that is believed to approach the compression ratio of arithmetic coding
• Entropy coding with known entropy characteristics
  • Unary coding: code that represents a number n with n ones followed by a zero
  • Elias delta|gamma|omega coding: universal code encoding the positive integers
  • Fibonacci coding: universal code which encodes positive integers into binary code words
  • Golomb coding: form of entropy coding that is optimal for alphabets following geometric distributions
  • Rice coding: form of entropy coding that is optimal for alphabets following geometric distributions

Lossy compression algorithms

• Linear predictive coding: lossy compression by representing the spectral envelope of a digital signal of speech in compressed form
• A-law algorithm: standard companding algorithm
• Mu-law algorithm: standard analog signal compression or companding algorithm
• Fractal compression: method used to compress images using fractals
• Transform coding: type of data compression for "natural" data like audio signals or photographic images
• Vector quantization: technique often used in lossy data compression
• Wavelet compression: form of data compression well suited for image compression (sometimes also video compression and audio compression)

Computational geometry

• Gift wrapping algorithm: determining the convex hull of a set of points
• Graham scan determining the convex hull of a set of points in the plane
• Point in polygon: tests whether a given point lies within a given polygon

Grafik komputer

• Bresenham's line algorithm: plots points of a 2-dimensional array to form a straight line between 2 specified points (uses decision variables)
• DDA line algorithm: plots points of a 2-dimensional array to form a straight line between 2 specified points (uses floating-point math)
• Flood fill: fills a connected region of a multi-dimensional array with a specified symbol
• Painter's algorithm: detects visible parts of a 3-dimensional scenery
• Ray tracing: realistic image rendering

Algoritma Kriptografi

• Symmetric (secret key) encryption:
  • Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), winner of NIST competition
  • Blowfish
  • Data Encryption Standard (DES), sometimes DE Algorithm, winner of NBS selection competition, replaced by AES for most purposes
  • IDEA
  • RC4 (cipher)
• Asymmetric (public key) encryption or digital signature:
  • DSA
  • ElGamal
  • RSA
  • Diffie-Hellman key exchange
  • NTRUEncrypt
• Cryptographic Message digest functions:
  • MD5 – Note that there is now a method of generating collisions for MD5
  • RIPEMD-160
  • SHA-1
  • HMAC: keyed-hash message authentication
• Cryptographically secure pseudo-random number generators
  • Blum Blum Shub - based on the hardness of factorization
  • Yarrow algorithm
  • Fortuna, allegedly an improvement on Yarrow
• Other
  • Diffie-Hellman: key exchange

Algoritma Distributed systems

• Lamport ordering: a partial ordering of events based on the happened-before relation
• Snapshot algorithm: a snapshot is the process of recording the global state of a system
• Vector ordering: a total ordering of events

Algoritma Numerical

• Algoritma De Boor: computes splines.
• Algoritma De Casteljau: computes Bezier curves
• False position method: approximates roots of a function
• Gauss-Jordan elimination: solves systems of linear equations
• Algoritma Gauss-Legendre: computes the digits of pi
• Gauss-Newton algorithm: find minimum of function of several variables
• Kahan summation algorithm: a more accurate method of summing floating-point numbers
• Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm: find minimum of function of several variables
• MISER algorithm: Monte Carlo simulation, numerical integration
• Newton's method: finds zeros of functions with calculus
• Bracketing Methods:
• Rounding functions: the classic ways to round numbers
• Secant method: approximates roots of a function
• Shifting nth-root algorithm: digit by digit root extraction
• Square root: approximates the square root of a number
• Strassen algorithm

Optimization algorithms

• Simplex algorithm: An algorithm for solving the linear programming problem
• Branch and bound
• Simulated annealing
• Genetic algorithms
• Particle swarm
• Tabu search
• Local search

Digital signal processing

• CORDIC: Fast trigonometric function computation technique.
• Fast Fourier transform: determines the frequencies contained in a (segment of a) signal
  • Cooley-Tukey FFT algorithm
• Rainflow-counting algorithm: Reduces a complex stress history to a count of elementary stress-reversals for use in fatigue analysis
• Osem: algorithm for processing of medical images
• Goertzel algorithm Can be used for DTMF digit decoding.
• Discrete Fourier transform
  • Rader's FFT algorithm
  • Bluestein's FFT algorithm

Number theoretic algorithms

• Discrete logarithm:
  • Baby-step giant-step
  • Pollard's rho algorithm for logarithms
  • Pohlig-Hellman algorithm
  • Index calculus algorithm
• Euclidean algorithm: computes the greatest common divisor
• Integer factorization: breaking an integer into its prime factors
  • Trial division
  • Lenstra elliptic curve factorization
  • Pollard's rho algorithm
  • Pollard's p-1 algorithm
  • Congruence of squares
  • Quadratic sieve
  • Special number field sieve
  • General number field sieve
  • Jones's period proxy algorithm
• Multiplication algorithms: fast multiplication of two numbers
• Primality tests: determining whether a given number is prime
  • AKS primality test
  • Miller-Rabin primality test
  • Sieve of Eratosthenes
  • Sieve of Atkin

Numerical algebra

• Buchberger's algorithm: finds a Gröbner basis
• Eigenvalue algorithm
• Exponentiating by squaring: quickly computes powers of numbers and matrices
• Gram-Schmidt process: orthogonalizes a set of vectors
• Knuth-Bendix completion algorithm: for rewriting rule systems
• Multivariate division algorithm: for polynomials in several indeterminates

Parsing

• Recursive descent parser: A top-down parser suitable for LL(k) grammars
• LL parser: A relatively simple linear time parsing algorithm for a limited class of context-free grammars
• LR parser: A more complex linear time parsing algorithm for a larger class of context-free grammars. Variants:
  • Operator-precedence parser
  • SLR (Simple LR) parser
  • LALR (Look-ahead LR) parser
  • Canonical LR parser
• Packrat parser: A linear time parsing algorithm supporting some context-free grammars and parsing expression grammars
• CYK algorithm: An O(n³) algorithm for parsing any context-free grammar
• Earley's algorithm: Another O(n³) algorithm for parsing any context-free grammar

Teknik perangkat lunak

• Algorithms for Recovery and Isolation Exploiting Semantics: recovery
• Unicode Collation Algorithm
• CHS conversion: Converting between disk addressing systems
• Cyclic redundancy check: calculation of a check word
• Parity: Simple/fast error detection technique. Is a number even or odd?
• Diff: compare two sequences. An example of Dynamic programming (dynamic refers to the property that the optimal solution can be constructed by combining optimal solutions to sub-problems e.g. quicksort).

Algoritma kuantum

• Grover's algorithm: provides quadratic speedup for many search problems
• Shor's algorithm: provides exponential speedup for factorizing a number
• Deutsch-Jozsa algorithm: criterion of balance for Boolean function

Algoritma medis

• Medical algorithm
• Texas Medication Algorithm Project

Lainnya

• Astronomical algorithms
• Banker's algorithm
• Baum-Welch algorithm
• Doomsday algorithm: day of the week
• Levenberg-Marquardt nonlinear least squares fitting algorithm
• Marzullo's algorithm: distributed clock synchronization
• Page replacement algorithms
• Risch algorithm
• Schreier-Sims algorithm
• Todd-Coxeter algorithm
• Viterbi algorithm
• Xor swap algorithm: swaps the values of two variables without using a buffer

Sumber ini dari : Wikipedia Indonesia